The KDE Suite can be used for adult needs based on necessities, as a school teaching software, or as a kid’s leaning app. It offers a huge software package and is free to download. The KDE Edu suite can be installed on most GNU/Linux Distros. Tux Paint is another great Linux educational software for kids. This award-winning. Most of the software below is free and open source, and the vast majority can be found in Linux package managers (such as Ubuntu Software, GNOME Software, or YaST). However, a few of the apps are proprietary, and one even costs a good deal of money. Jul 03, 2017 If you’ve installed software from the Ubuntu software repositories using the Ubuntu Software Center, you can use the Ubuntu Software Center to uninstall that software as well. However, if you’re more comfortable using the command line, we’ll show you an easy way to see what’s installed on your system and uninstall programs. In Linux, there are lots of different distributions and each might have different package types. For example, in the Linux distribution or Distro, Red Hat, the packages that are used are.rpm or Red Hat Package Manager packages.
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Where is a typical Linux program installed
I'm new to Linux and I want to ask a bit more about packages.
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In Windows, I download an
.exe file and install it.When I install, I define the path where I want that application to be stored.In that folder, I have all the files required for the application.
However, when I install a package in Linux using
yum or apt-get , I don't know where the package is installed to and where the required files for that application are stored.I have seen that most of the configurations are in the /etc directory.But why does Linux store the required files for an application in different directories?
Can someone tell me how packages are installed, and where and how are they stored?And if my understanding about package management is wrong, please correct me.
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marked as duplicate by Daniel Beck♦Aug 15 '12 at 9:41
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8 Answers
Many programs (the binaries/scripts) end up in
/bin or /usr/bin with other parts in various configuration directories (often in/under etc ) as you already noted.
For any specific command you can checkout whereis
and it will give you some information about where this command is to be found. You can also try which
Also, this graphic and explanation/examples might be helpful.
LevonLevon
Under Windows, particularly older versions, it was common for programs to store configuration files and non-constant data in their
C:Program Files directory. This is derived from how programs were usually installed and ran under single-user, non-networked, non-file-permission DOS.
From a security standpoint, this is a bad idea. Places where executable code lives should be separated from modifiable data. That way it's easier to apply appropriate file permissions to prevent modification of installed binaries by unauthorized users. Similarly library directories which may be updated separately from main executables should also be in a separate directory.
With the advent of Vista and UAC annoyances, this tradition is finally starting to seriously lose traction.
UNIX, and Linux, being a multiuser system from much earlier on, had the tendency to separate executable directories from other directories much earlier, since there was a need to prevent users other than root from modifying installed binaries. It's also why
/usr and even /sbin are sometimes separate partitions - a particularly security conscious admin can mount those partitions readonly and remount them read/write when an install/uninstall needs to happen.
Packages are usually installed from a package manager. There's various package managers, such as
aptitude (Debian and derived distributions), yum (Redhat and derived distributions), pacman (forget which distro this is..), and others.
The package manager lets you browse repositories, download, install, query, and remove software, much like a sophisticated (and free) 'app store.' It assumes responsibility for ensuring dependencies are taken care of and tracking what is currently installed.
Usually the package manager will also allow the same operations on a package you downloaded manually outside of any repositories. Tools are also available if you want to create your own from software you made or compiled yourself.
Since the package itself is NOT an executable file, you don't have to run an untrusted executable which you don't really know what it does. (Windows is finally coming around with updates by distributing LawrenceCLawrenceC
.msu 's instead of .exe 's - but .msi 's have been around a while..)
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Software Linux Applications
You can get a list of the files that a given
yum package installs by doing:
Then you can run it like so:
(Obviously, replace 'yum-utils' in that second one with the name of that package whose file list you'd like to see.)
For
apt-get , you can use:
sblomsblom
Typically under
/usr/bin , although it depends on the particular application or library you're installing.
kprobstkprobst
In Linux/Unix most programs don’t usually end up in a single directory, but different parts of it (executables, configuration files, log files, documentation, other resources) are scattered through the filesystem — usually through symlinking. The Wikipedia article describes in more detail the standard directory structure under a normal filesystem hierarchy, showing the different directories and what you can expect to find in each.
mgibsonbrmgibsonbr
The Alan CurryAlan Curry
/opt directory is reserved for Windows-like installations where each package has its own directory tree. Nobody uses it. I'm not sure why; it might be that adding /opt/PACKAGE/bin to your $PATH every time you install a package is just too annoying.
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Software in Linux is a little different in paradigm from Windows or Mac. In those, an executable and all its supporting files are installed into a single folder: Windows normally keeps them in
c:Program Filesprogram name , Apple in /Applications/program.app . Under Linux, there's a more .. communal structure. The binaries are generally in /usr/bin , the system-wide configuration is in /etc , user-specific configuration is usually at ~/.program . Libraries are in /usr/lib , supporting files (e.g. artwork) are often in /usr/share/program , etc. There's even a standard suggesting where things should go.
Programs are generally installed by package managers,
rpm and dpkg ; they are automatically searched for and retrieved (including dependency-management) by yum and aptitude /apt-get , respectively. On a more technical level, the packages are simple compressed files (I believe rpm and deb are both .tar.gz ). These archives contain a mirror of the pieces of the filesystem from the root where the files go (e.g. a file supposed to be installed at /usr/bin/program will be at usr/bin/program under the appropriate folder within the package.
To find information on a particular package, use the package manager for your system, as others here have explained. Pinball arcade download pc.
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This is a list of software package management systems, categorized first by package format (binary, source code, hybrid) and then by operating system family.
Kali Linux Software Packages
Binary packages[edit]
The following package management systems distribute apps in binarypackage form; i.e., all apps are compiled and ready to be installed and use.
Unix-like[edit]Linux[edit]
macOS (OS X)[edit]
BSD[edit]
Solaris,illumos[edit]
Mobile[edit]Android[edit]
iOS[edit]
Windows[edit]Linux Software Packages Download
z/OS[edit]Source code-based[edit]
The following package management systems distribute the source code of their apps. Either the user must know how to compile the packages, or they come with a script that automates the compilation process. For example, in GoboLinux a recipe file contains information on how to download, unpack, compile and install a package using its Compile tool. In both cases, the user must provide the computing power and time needed to compile the app, and is legally responsible for the consequences of compiling the package.
macOS (OS X)[edit]
Windows[edit]
Hybrid systems[edit]
Top 10 Linux ProgramsMeta package managers[edit]Linux Firmware Package
The following unify package management for several or all Linux and sometimes Unix variants. These, too, are based on the concept of a recipe file.
Proprietary software systems[edit]
A wide variety of package management systems are in common use today by proprietary software operating systems, handling the installation of both proprietary and free packages.
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Application-level Dependency managers[edit]
See also[edit]References[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_software_package_management_systems&oldid=919778279'
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